1，Calzetti et al. (2000) dust extinction law

2，BPT图

    However, as pointed out in Papaderos et al. (2013) and Gomes et al. (2016) (see also CGP16), stan- dard BPT classification diagnostics become inapplicable in the case of virtually gas-evacuated galaxies where the bulk of the Lyman continuum radiation from an AGN eventually escapes without locally producing detectable optical line emission.

3,AGN power law 频率和波长的谱指数转换：

 a_lam=-(a_f+2);a_lam,a_f均为正值

4,stellar population age-metal 简并

http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/March11/Chavez/Chavez3.html