Back to continue our discussion on systems monitoring.

For systems monitorin,g we bring in time indices: k,k-1,k-2

Instead of using IV, now we use cosine to express the state of vectors:

Then the systems successional trends are defined as present cosine over the previous cosine values:

Trend_(i,k) = cos_(i，k)/cos_(i,k-1)

The expectation of the trend values are 1:

Trend_(i,k)= cos_(i,k)/cos_(i,k-1) =1, where i=1,2,...17,means that there is no change

Trend_(i,k) = cos_(i,k) / cos_(i,k-1) >1, where i=1,2,...17,means that the given fund is increasing, but

Trend_(i,k)= cos_(i,k) / cos_(i,k-1) <1, where i=1,2,...17,means that the given fund is decreasing.