An insight into the world

      The world is fickle, the world is chaotic. Experienced people will have the same feeling. Insightful people will also assent to that their fears are not so much gossips as human minds breeding the fake and wicked ones. And human minds are extensions of humanity.

 In fact, humanity (human nature) is of the duality of natural and social attributes. The so-called natural attribute is just egoism, while the social attribute means altruism. The differences in humanity between persons are just in degrees of the duality. Good people are those whose social attributes are greater than their natural attributes and who are conducive to social progress, while bad ones are just the opposite. 

 Idealists believe that there are persons, ghosts, gods and demons in the world. In my opinion the four categories should be interpreted separately as: persons, distinguished from lower animals, mean good people whose social attributes are greater than their natural attributes and who usually do good deeds that are beneficial to others and/or societies; ghosts are ordinary sinners whose natural attributes are greater than their social attributes and who would do bad things that are harmful to others and/or societies; gods mean good people in power who usually do great deeds for social progress that good ordinary people cannot do and stop bad ones from doing evil; demons mean sinners in power who usually commit heinous crimes harmful to others and/or societies that ordinary sinners cannot do. 

In this sense, power is an important tool for the functioning of human societies. Optimizing the social power operation should be the focus of human attentions, for which decides the destiny of human beings. The optimized social power operation needs the optimized state system and its social institutions first. The optimization of the state system and its social institutions determines the optimization of the social power operations, and the optimization of the social power operations determines the optimization of human societies. Optimizing human societies is a social systems engineering from economic foundations to superstructures. Improving the state system and its social institutions are the bases in the social systems engineering.  

 Someone said that if  a state system and its social institutions are good, even a bad person dare not do evil; if those are bad, even good people would do harm to others and/or societies. This is indeed a summary or a law of humanity evolutions based on historical facts of human societies throughout the ages. That is to say, good people and bad ones are all not fixed but variable. Once he/she commits a crime, a good person becomes a bad one. A bad person can become a good one whenever he/she gives up doing evil and takes the right road. 

All in all, a state system and its social institutions determine evolution directions of the humanity, also the humanity determines the quality of a human society.

            看人间

 世道无常，人间混沌。有阅历的人都会有此同感。有识之士也会认同：与其说人言可畏，不如说是人心可畏。而人心则是人性的外延。

  实际上，人性具有自然与社会属性的双重性。所谓自然属性即为利己性，而社会属性即为利他性。人与人之间在人性方面的差别仅在于这双重性的程度不同。所谓好人是指其社会属性大于自然属性的人，这些人有利于社会进步；而坏人正相反。

  唯心主义者认为，世上有人、鬼、神、魔。在我看来，这四种类型应该分别解释为：人是指社会属性大于自然属性的好人，他们通常做有利于他人和/或社会的好事；鬼是自然属性大于社会属性的罪人，他们通常做有害他人和/或社会的坏事；神是指掌权的好人，他们通常会为社会进步作出一般好人办不到的丰功伟绩并制止坏人干坏事；魔是指掌权的罪人，他们通常会犯下一般罪人干不成的有害他人和/或社会的严重罪行。

 由此看来，权力是人类社会运作的重要工具。优化社会权力运作应该是人类关注的焦点，因为它决定着人类的命运。优化的社会权力运作首先需要优化的社会制度。社会制度的优化决定权力运作的优化，权力运作的优化决定人类社会的优化。人类社会优化是一项从经济基础到上层建筑的社会构建系统工程。其中，社会制度的改良是社会优化系统工程的基础。

  有人说，如果社会制度好，甚至坏人都不敢干坏事；如果社会制度不好，连好人也会干坏事。这确实是基于古往今来人类社会历史事实的人性演变的概括或规律。这也就是说，好人和坏人并非都是固定的，而是可变的。好人干坏事就会变成坏人，坏人改邪归正也可以变成好人。  

  总之，社会制度决定人性的演变方向，且人性也决定人类社会的性质。