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A lithium-air battery is a battery in which a lithium anode is electrochemically coupled to atmospheric oxygen through an air cathode. During discharge, lithium cations flow from the anode through an electrolyte and combine with oxygen at the cathode (typically consisting of porous carbon) to form lithium oxide Li2O or lithium peroxide Li2O2 which is inserted in the cathode; this is coupled to the flow of electrons from the battery's anode to the cathode through a load circuit.
Lithium air batteries have higher energy density than lithium ion batteries because of the lighter cathode and the fact that oxygen is freely available in the environment and does not need to be stored in the battery.[1] Theoretically, with oxygen as an unlimited cathode reactant, the capacity of the battery is limited by the Li anode. Lithium air batteries are currently under development and are not yet commercially available.[2]
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