工商管理前沿速递

2020 年2 月，教育部、科技部联合发文，规范高校SCI 论文指标使用，力图消除当前科研评价中“SCI 至上”的现象。追本溯源，SCI、SSCI 崇拜是如何形成的？所谓的A 类（“最顶级”）期刊名单，为什么会在全球扩散？更重要的是，这种现象将如何影响商业和管理领域学术研究的未来？

针对这些重要但尚未得到充分探讨的问题，全球知名华人学者、美国德州大学达拉斯分校（UTD）的管理学教授Mike W. Peng（彭维刚），在为FBR撰写的《Global competition and diffusion of the “A” list》一文中进行了分析（英文全文约1.3 万字）。

众所周知，现行的A 类期刊名单主要被美国科研机构创办的期刊占据，而这份名单在近年向全球快速扩散，影响到越来越多科研机构的核心期刊名单。这种现象被彭教授界定为在全球竞争时代以世界扁平化为特征的智力迁移活动。刊文分析了造成A 刊扩散的多层次因素，并预测了扩散的可能轨迹及其对未来学界的影响，让我们从彭老师提出的18 个命题（proposition）中一窥全豹。

前因：A 刊名单为什么会在全球扩散？

论文从建设国际知名大学的目标、大学面临的排名压力、本国或本地区大学采纳A 刊情况、大学规模、大学科研质量、加入国际认证、拥有美国博士学位教员比例、期刊全球订阅量、A 刊名单长度、A 刊信息获取便捷性等角度，提出了多个前因命题。

后果：A 刊名单全球扩散会造成什么影响？

论文从非美国的本土研究是否被边缘化、大学业绩指标差距、美国教员被邀请到其他国家从事学术相关活动、非美国科研人员到美国访问、大学聘用美国体制培养的博士毕业生、大学教员收入差距、A 刊的非美国元素等角度，提出了多个后果命题。

18 个命题（proposition）

Proposition 1 The more often the president, the dean, and other academic leaders in a school communicate its mission to be enhancing its competitiveness among peer schools and aspiring for a world-class status, the more likely it will adopt the “A” list.

Proposition 2 The larger the worldwide number of individual and institutional subscriptions to the journals, the more likely the “A” list consisting of such journals will be adopted around the world.

Proposition 3 The shorter the “A” list, the more likely it will be adopted around the world.

Proposition 4 The easier it is to access research ranking information on the “A” list on a real time basis, the more likely the “A” list will be adopted around the world.

Proposition 5 The greater the competitive pressures in terms of rankings and evaluations that a school experiences, the more likely it will adopt the “A” list.

Proposition 6 The greater the number of schools in one country (or region) that have adopted the “A” list, the more likely that the “A” list will be adopted by more schools in that country (or region).

Proposition 7 The larger the size of a school, the more likely it will adopt the “A” list.

Proposition 8 The higher the quality of a school (based on quality measures other than publications on the “A” list), the more likely it will adopt the “A” list.

Proposition 9 The longer a school is affiliated with AACSB (as a non-accredited member and/or as an accredited member), the more likely it will adopt the “A” list.

Proposition 10 The higher the percentage of faculty members with U.S. Ph.D.s in a non-U.S. school, the more likely it will adopt the “A” list.

Proposition 11 The more schools adopting the “A” list around the world, (1) the more U.S. faculty members who can hit the “A” list will be invited to take on visiting professorships in non-U.S. schools, and (2) the more U.S. faculty members who can hit the “A”

Proposition 12 The more schools adopting the “A” list around the world, the more U.S. schools will receive inquiries about hosting visiting faculty members and Ph.D. students paid for by the non-U.S. sponsoring schools and governments.

Proposition 13 The more schools adopting the “A” list around the world, the more U.S. Ph.D. graduates will be hired by non-U.S. schools and the fewer non-U.S. Ph.D. graduates will be hired.

Proposition 14 The more schools adopting the “A” list around the world, the higher the income differential between faculty members who can hit the “A” list and those who cannot—at both U.S. and non-U.S. schools.

Proposition 15 The more schools adopting the “A” list around the world, the higher the salary differential there will be between U.S. Ph.D. graduates and non-U.S. Ph.D. graduates in non-U.S. schools.

Proposition 16 The more non-U.S. schools adopting the “A” list, the wider the performance gap—measured by output published on the “A” list—there will be between the leading adopting schools and other non-adopting schools.

Proposition 17 The more non-U.S. schools adopting the “A” list, the more marginalized the efforts to develop indigenous, context-specific theories will be even in countries where such contexts are important.

Proposition 18 The more non-U.S. schools adopting the “A” list, the more non-U.S. elements—such as theories, samples, authors, editors, and reviewers—will be found in the journals on the “A” list.