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科学理论的变迁
武夷山
英国伯明翰大学经济学史与经济哲学教授Roger E. Backhouse在Economics and Philosophy(经济学与哲学)杂志2004年第一期发表书评,评论的是美国普及桑大学经济学教授Wade Hands发表于2001年的著作Reflections without rules: Economic Methodology and Contemporary Science Theory(《无规则的反思:经济学方法论与当代科学理论》,剑桥大学出版社)。该书介绍了科学理论的主要变迁:
――自然主义转向,以蒯因的自然主义认识论为代表,它是基于心理学的。
――社会学转向,以贝尔纳、默顿为代表,直到后来的科学知识社会学都属于这个路数。
――实用主义、话语分析与情境性,这里讨论了:实用主义转向;新实用主义转向;话语转向;转向与女性主义相联系的更加关注具体情境的方法论。涉及的主要学者和论题包括皮尔士、杜威、罗蒂、话语分析、经济修辞学(或论辩学)。
――经济学转向,人们越来越多地用增长理论和微观经济学来说明科学,这里讨论了科学经济学和科学知识经济学,涉及的主要学者包括Philip Kitcher,Partha Dasgupta,Paul David, Jim Wible,等等。
博主:这本书与单纯讨论科学哲学或科学社会学的著作不一样,是从经济学方法论的流变的角度来观察科学元勘领域的,独具只眼。在现实生活中,经济对科学活动发生了很大的影响;那么从学理的角度说,探讨经济学对科学元勘的影响也是顺理成章的。不过,不具备Roger E. Backhouse教授那样深厚的学养,就不敢触及这个题目。
该书目录如下(http://search.barnesandnoble.com/Reflection-without-Rules/D-Wade-Hands/e/9780521497152/):
Table of Contents
Preface |
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1 |
Introduction |
1 |
1.1 |
Economic Methodology |
3 |
1.2 |
Contemporary Science Theory |
4 |
1.3 |
Changing the Subject |
6 |
1.4 |
A Reader's Guide |
8 |
2 |
The Methodological Tradition in Economics |
13 |
2.1 |
The Millian Tradition in Economic Methodology |
14 |
2.2 |
Variations on Positivist Themes |
48 |
3 |
The Breakdown of the Received View within the Philosophy of Science |
70 |
3.1 |
The Received View within the Philosophy of Science |
72 |
3.2 |
The Attack on the Received View |
95 |
3.3 |
First Round Responses |
110 |
3.4 |
Setting the Stage for the Naturalistic Turn |
125 |
4 |
The Naturalistic Turn |
128 |
4.1 |
Naturalizing Epistemology |
130 |
4.2 |
Psychology and the Cognitive Approach to Knowledge |
141 |
4.3 |
Encouragement from Darwin: Evolutionary Epistemology |
154 |
4.4 |
Eliminative Materialism and the Philosophy of Mind |
165 |
5 |
The Sociological Turn |
172 |
5.1 |
Society and Scientific Knowledge |
175 |
5.2 |
The Sociology of Scientific Knowledge |
186 |
5.3 |
Nature, Society, SSK, and Economics |
199 |
6 |
Pragmatism, Discourse, and Situatedness |
213 |
6.1 |
The Pragmatic Turn |
215 |
6.2 |
Neopragmatism and the Discursive Turn |
241 |
6.3 |
Feminist Epistemology and Economics |
260 |
7 |
Recent Developments in Economic Methodology |
274 |
7.1 |
The Popperian Tradition |
275 |
7.2 |
The Millian Tradition |
304 |
7.3 |
Realist Themes |
320 |
7.4 |
Cognitive and Semantic Themes |
334 |
8 |
The Economic Turn |
353 |
8.1 |
The Economic Turn in Contemporary Science Theory |
354 |
8.2 |
The Economics of Science |
361 |
8.3 |
The Economics of Scientific Knowledge (ESK) |
365 |
8.4 |
Some Final Thoughts on the Economic Turn |
388 |
9 |
Conclusion |
393 |
9.1 |
Lessons from the New Economic Methodology |
396 |
9.2 |
A Few Issues of Concern |
402 |
References |
408 |
|
Web Sites |
460 |
|
Index |
463 |
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